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Papers On Earth & Physical Sciences
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Ecology of the Coral Reefs in the Hawaiian Islands
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This is an 8 page paper discussing the ecology of the Hawaiian coral reefs. The Hawaiian Islands stretch for over 2,300 kilometers and also contain what are considered unique coral reefs because they are geologically younger than many other coral reefs, have no barrier reefs among the windward islands, and are also less diverse than many other coral reef ecosystems in the Pacific. Despite this however, the Hawaiian coral reefs ecology, divided into four zones based on the depth and distance from the shore, does have a diverse assortment of corals, plant life, invertebrates and fishes among larger species which live among the reefs. The ecology of the coral reefs in Hawaii is divided up into the reef flat zone (0-2 m from shore) which is most affected by terrestrial run-off and heavy wave impact; the reef bench zone (2-10 m) which has the largest diversity of coral, fish, invertebrate and plant species, the reef slope zone (10-30 m) in which finger coral is the dominant coral species; and the rubble zone (30-40 m) which is primarily coral fragments, rock and sand which provides a habitat for lobe and finger corals as well as sea cucumbers and an assortment of fish. Coral reefs in Hawaii provide a vast amount of revenue for the area at well over $250 million annually in the areas of commercial and recreational fishing and tourism. Like many of the coral reefs around the world however, the coral reefs in Hawaii are being damaged by a combination of natural and manmade events. Industrial, nutrient and fresh-water run-off kills the coral closest to the shore and allows for the spread of coral-killing algae after which recovery of the reef takes a great deal of time. In addition, increase in global water temperatures has led to coral bleaching which in some areas the reefs show little sign of recovery. Includes one page abstract.
Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJHwcor1.rtf
Paper Title: Ecology of the Coral Reefs in the Hawaiian Islands
Ecosystems: North and South.
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(5 pp). As we move into a new century we become
more aware of how hard we were on the planet in
the last one hundred years. This discussion
examines the general criteria of an ecosystem, and
then illustrates what an ecosystem is be describing
one on a north facing slope and one on a south
facing slope.
Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BBecoNS.doc
Paper Title: Ecosystems: North and South.
EL NINO AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
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This 5-page papers examines the El Nino event of 1997-1998, its causes and its impact on the environment.
Filename: MTelnino.rtf
Paper Title: EL NINO AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
EL NINO AND THE IMPACT ON HURRICANES
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This 5-page paper discusses El Nino and its potential impact on hurricanes and hurricane development. Also included is a discussion about El Nino's economic impact. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MTelnhur.rtf
Paper Title: EL NINO AND THE IMPACT ON HURRICANES
Environmental Ethics
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7 pages. This research paper is a defense of the following thesis statement: J. Baird Callicott is correct to suggest that a significant moral distinction should be drawn between wild and domestic animals. This paper defends three of the author's arguments that support his thesis. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAeethc.rtf
Paper Title: Environmental Ethics
Environmental Sciences
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A 9 page paper that discusses various aspects of environment sciences. Some of the history is discussed in relationship to research conducted long ago and academic history that has assisted in bringing the sciences closer together. A section discussing some of the more recent concerns is also included. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: RAecology.wps
Paper Title: Environmental Sciences
Expansion of the Universe and Type Ia Supernovae
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This 5 page
report discusses expansion of the universe and the impact of
evidence presented through the analysis of an astronomical event
has served, once again, to challenge the ways in which human
beings understand the universe of which they are a part.
Scientific evidence of the past several years have lead
astronomers and other scientists to understand that the expansion
of the universe is taking place at an ever-accelerating speed.
Such a conclusion has been reached through the observation of
Type Ia or, specifically, Type 1987a Supernova. Bibliography
lists 4 sources.
Filename: BWspnova.wps
Paper Title: Expansion of the Universe and Type Ia Supernovae
Extra-Solar Planets
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A 12 page overview of extra-solar planets, those planets outside our own solar system which orbit around suns other than our Sun. Discusses the history of extra-solar planetary research providing the names and particulars of discoveries. Emphasizes the technological changes which are occurring which allow a constant refinement of astronomical theory regarding planet formation and behavior. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPastExP.wps
Paper Title: Extra-Solar Planets
Family Interaction in Crises Related to Natural Disasters
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This
5 page report discusses family interactions and what takes place
in family relationships when a natural disaster such as an
earthquake occurs. Because the family is thought of as the basic
unit of society and is acknowledged for the essential
socio-economic functions that it performs, its place in dealing
with the impact of a natural disaster such as an earthquake must
be carefully considered. Family dynamics shift and a new set of
coping skills replace them. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWearthq.wps
Paper Title: Family Interaction in Crises Related to Natural Disasters
FAMOUS NAMES IN ASTRONOMY/ MODERN ERA
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This 3 page paper gives an overview of Dr. Stephen Hawking, and Dr. Henry Norris Russell, two astronomers who have made significant contributions to their field in the modern era. Bibliographpy lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBastron.rtf
Paper Title: FAMOUS NAMES IN ASTRONOMY/ MODERN ERA
Fertilizing Woody Ornamentals
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This 5 page paper discusses fall
fertilization programs for trees, shrubs and vines defined as woody
ornamentals. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KTwdshrb.wps
Paper Title: Fertilizing Woody Ornamentals
Fictitious Archaeological Dig
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11 pages in length. The architectural layout and planning of this particular site reflects a decidedly communicative ideology, in that it represents the very cultural essence of its people. Embedded within this written ideology of the ruined city's structure is the greater conceptualization of education and expression. Without question, these interrelated aspects of communication appeared to be the cornerstone of this community's existence, indicating the very reason for its construction. In spite of the fact that the remains do no yield an interpretation of daily life, archaeologists have been able to gather enough information so as to understand the complexities surrounding a collection of semi-preserved writing implements located in the northeast corner. Regarding the social implications of such findings, researchers have found enough evidence to indicate that this site was a learning institution of some sort. Indeed, as many questions as these findings have been
successful in addressing, there are many more left
unanswered. It can readily be argued that the true and pointed intent of these educational and communicative remains indicate an extended grasp of language and expression. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCarcdg.wps
Paper Title: Fictitious Archaeological Dig
Fluid Dynamics / Pipe Flows :
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A 5 page paper discussing the basic aspects of laminar and turbulent pipe flows as related to fluid movement through channels. For all the diversity in mechanical and industrial systems in operation and in design phase today,
they all have in common the incorporation of some application of fluid dynamics within them. Liquids and gases move according to the same fundamental principles, differing only in movement as affected by density, viscosity and chemical composition. The paper discusses boundary, stationary layer, Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Pipeflow.wps
Paper Title: Fluid Dynamics / Pipe Flows :
Fossils/Burgess Shale
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A 7 page research paper that examines the fascinating fossil record that was found in the Burgess Shale. Because the Burgess Shale fossils contain examples of soft-bodied animals, which is very rare, these fossils have been called a "window to the Cambrian period" of prehistory. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: 99shale.wps
Paper Title: Fossils/Burgess Shale
Fred Hoyle's Contributions to Astronomy
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6 pages. It seems most of the scientific community has accepted the Big Bang Theory as the creation of the universe, but since that time Hoyle has always refused to follow that line, arguing that the Big Bang has not lived up to its early promise, and that his revised Steady State theory, that the universe has always existed, better fits the facts. This paper discusses the accomplishments and contributions to astronomy made by Fred Hoyle. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAhoyle.wps
Paper Title: Fred Hoyle's Contributions to Astronomy
Galileo, Science, and the Church
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A 3 page overview of the book by Jerome J. Langford. This paper points out that it was actually Galileo’s peers and the universities themselves that were initially the most taken aback by Galileo’s astronomical findings. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPgalileochurch.rtf
Paper Title: Galileo, Science, and the Church
Gemstone Enhancement
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A 5 page overview of the technologies and methodologies involved in the artificial enhancement of gemstones. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Gemstone.wps
Paper Title: Gemstone Enhancement
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